Polysomnography

To diagnose sleep disorders, a variety of techniques are employed. One method often used is the polysomnography. A polysomnograph is a machine which monitors and records several physiological variables like breathing, movement, and brain patterns. After completion of the test, the results are analyzed and are used to form a diagnosis.

Treatment options for obstructive sleep apnea

The most successful treatment for this type of disorder is the nasal CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) or BiPAP (Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure). These devices create positive pressure in your airway and prevent it from collapsing. Another option is the oral appliance. This mechanism prevents blockages of the airway by realigning the jaw, elevating the soft palate, or retaining the tongue. Weight-loss has been proven to be effective in some cases of obstructive sleep apnea. And there are also several types of surgeries which address obstructive sleep apnea, but none have proven to be as effective as the nasal CPAP or BiPAP.

Surgeries

In selected cases, surgery may be helpful. A nasal septoplasty straightens a convoluted septum and symmetrically divides the nasal cavity into two nostrils. A nasal turbinate reduction is performed to enlarge the nasal cavity and increase airflow. Additionally, several types of surgeries are designed to reduce blockages in the throat. A uvulopalatopharyngoplasty reduces excess tissue in the uvula, soft palate, pharyngeal walls, and in some cases, the tonsils. Other surgeries such as hyoid suspension, genioglossal advancement, and maxillo-mandibular advancement alter the structure and placement of various elements of the throat and tongue. Gastric bypass surgery can assist in weight-loss which in turn, may alleviate sleep apnea.

Medication

Some disorders like insomnia, periodic limb movement in sleep, narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, and REM sleep behavior disorder may require medication.